![]() ![]() The possibility of an early demographic expansion of modern humans within south India also cannot be ruled out. The migration of the Badagas to Ooty is traced back to familial wars in the Nilgiris and the Kollegal. The main patterns of subsistence were based on barter system, and tea is, and was the most commonly cultivated crop. ![]() It is clear from the present study that drift effects could have accentuated the process of genetic differentiation of the tribal populations. The rich Badaga culture is reminiscent of the ancient, age-old Indian mentality of surviving and thriving in the environment. The gene diversity (GST = 8.3%) was found to be higher than that in populations of most global regions with the exception of Africa. In most populations, they were also higher than those predicted by the island model of population structure. ![]() The levels of average heterozygosities were found to be high in all the populations. All loci were highly polymorphic except the CD4 del locus, at which the deletion allele was fixed in Kotas and Kurumbas. We have analyzed eight widely distributed polymorphic insertion/deletion loci (AluAPO, AluACE, AluDI, AluPLAT, AluPV92, AluFXIIIB, CD4 del and mtNUC) in 250 unrelated individuals from five tribal populations (Badaga, Irula, Kota, Kurumba, and Toda). The Nilgiri Hills of southern India, a home for several tribal pockets representing different genetic isolates, provides a genetic wealth to understand human evolution. India has the unique distinction of having perhaps the largest diversities, both biological and cultural. ![]()
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